Composition and properties of commonly used abrasives

1, aluminium oxide:

The main chemical component, AL2O3, is made from bauxite, iron filings and anthracite in an electric arc furnace. The color of the brown fused alumina abrasive is brown, and in terms of its color, it is named brown fused alumina. This kind of abrasive has a certain hardness and toughness, has a strong grinding ability, and can withstand a lot of pressure. It has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and good chemical stability. Due to its high tensile strength, it is suitable for grinding materials with high tensile strength. It is suitable for ordinary steel, high carbon steel and alloy steel. It can be used for the processing of hard wood. It can also be used for the replacement of other abrasives. Abrasive is the most widely used abrasive in use.

2, white corundum:

The main chemical component is AL3O2, which is made by melting aluminum oxide powder in an electric arc furnace. The color is white, and it is named white corundum in terms of its color. The texture of white corundum is purer than brown corundum. The aluminum-oxygen powder raw material is prepared by pre-processing the bauxite used in brown corundum, and the main physical component is β-AL2O3 (no grinding ability), which is converted from β-AL2O3 to α-AL2O3 by electric arc furnace melting. The converted α-AL2O3 has a strong grinding force.

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3. Black silicon carbide:

The main chemical composition is SiC. It is made of petroleum coke, quartz sand, wood chips and the like as raw materials in an electric resistance furnace. Black SiC has a black color and is named black silicon carbide in terms of its color. Black silicon carbide is more brittle than corundum, harder than hardness, and its toughness is second to that of corundum. For materials with low tensile strength, such as non-metallic materials (various plates such as wood plywood, particleboard, high-middle and low-density fiberboard). , bamboo board, calcium silicate board, leather, glass, ceramics, stone, etc.) and non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper, lead, etc.) and other materials are particularly suitable for processing, and the processing of hard and brittle materials is also an ideal abrasive. .

4. Green silicon carbide:

The main chemical composition is SiC. The raw materials used in the manufacture are almost the same as those of black silicon carbide. The industrial salt is reacted as a reactant and accelerator in an electric resistance furnace. It is green in terms of its color, so it is named green silicon carbide. Green silicon carbide is more pure than black silicon carbide, and its hardness is higher than that of black silicon carbide. Its grinding application is the same as that of black silicon carbide. It is more suitable for fine grinding of materials such as grinding threads and grinding tools. A wider range of workpieces for cemented carbide and diamond products on grinding materials. Since the cost of manufacturing green silicon carbide is higher than that of black silicon carbide, such as the ratio of raw materials used, the addition of salt auxiliary materials, and the difference in power consumption and processing, etc., the price of green silicon carbide products is higher than that of products. Black silicon carbide is high. Therefore, in the comparison with black silicon carbide, the choice of green silicon carbide is generally not used in non-metallic and non-ferrous materials, but green silicon carbide is mainly used as hard alloy and precision grinding. Fewer belts and other coated abrasives use less green silicon carbide as the grinding material.

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5, zirconium corundum abrasive:

It is a high toughness abrasive with ZrO2 and a 20 micron crystal size. ZrO2 is added in 40% and 25%. It is used for coating abrasives with sharper shapes. It is especially suitable for processing stainless steel parts and titanium alloy parts. In the Chinese market, Japan's NCA's zirconium corundum belt, NORTON's NORZON belt of the United States and South Korea's Korean grinding company's YZ533 and YZ633 zirconium corundum belts are more popular. According to the information provided by NOTON Company of the United States, the grinding efficiency is 254-300% higher than that of brown corundum. The processing of particleboard with NORZON abrasive belt increases the life of the belt by three times.

However, the zirconium abrasive belt is not only used as a belt but also used in a large number of fixed abrasives.

6, composite abrasive:

It refers to the mechanical compounding of an abrasive with another abrasive rather than a chemical reaction. When the abrasive is manufactured, two kinds of abrasives are mechanically added to the molding material, and the various abrasives still maintain unique physical and chemical properties. When using it, take advantage of its strengths and achieve better results. For the purpose of grinding, synthetic abrasives are often used in foreign countries or in China to produce abrasive tools for difficult processing. This is the so-called clever name, another way to establish a brand. Common composite abrasives are compounded with brown fused alumina and white fused alumina, mixed with corundum and green silicon carbide, composited with brown fused alumina and black silicon carbide.

Composite abrasives are commonly found in bonded abrasives and are rarely used in the manufacture of coated abrasives.